Original price was: $99.00.$69.00Current price is: $69.00.
Say goodbye to stubborn toenail fungus with Kerafen, a breakthrough treatment uniquely formulated to penetrate and disrupt fungal biofilms. Combining 15 powerful herbs and nutrients, Kerafen targets the root cause of fungal infections, ensuring faster and more effective results. This antibiotic-free, vegan-friendly solution protects and heals and promotes healthier nails. With a 4.94/5 rating from over 23,000 satisfied customers, Kerafen is your ultimate ally in reclaiming beautiful, clear nails. Choose Kerafen for proven efficacy, natural ingredients, and the confidence to show off your feet again!
Description
In the quest for optimal health, maintaining our nails' well-being often takes a backseat. However, toenail fungus commonly affects many individuals, causing discomfort and aesthetic concerns. Fortunately, advancements in research and natural formulations have led to the creation of innovative products like Kerafen. Engineered specifically to combat stubborn toenail fungus, Kerafen is a dietary supplement offering a new fungal treatment approach. Unlike conventional antifungal medications that may be invasive or filled with harsh chemicals, Kerafen harnesses the power of nature to target the root causes of fungal growth.
This unique formula is built on a foundation of scientific understanding that goes beyond simply killing the fungus. It recognizes the critical role of biofilms—a protective barrier that fungi use to shield themselves from treatments—making Kerafen a standout solution. By integrating a mix of potent natural ingredients, Kerafen disrupts these biofilms and provides long-term relief from the persistent reoccurrence of toenail fungus.
As a certified nutritionist, I appreciate products that combine a holistic approach with evidence-based results. Kerafen embodies this philosophy, offering a multifaceted solution that supports skin and nail health without over-promising miraculous cures. If you or someone you know has been grappling with toenail fungus, it might just be time to embrace this effective, natural remedy designed to restore the health and appearance of your nails.
What is Kerafen?
Kerafen is a revolutionary dietary supplement specifically formulated to tackle toenail fungus by addressing its most challenging aspects—particularly the protective biofilms that enable fungi to thrive and resist treatment. This product represents a significant breakthrough in fungal treatment, employing a proprietary blend of 15 meticulously selected natural ingredients known for their antifungal and skin-soothing properties. Unlike traditional antifungal treatments that often fail due to the fungus's ability to adapt and resist, Kerafen attacks the problem at its source.
The unique formulation of Kerafen has been developed through extensive scientific research, ensuring that each ingredient contributes to the overall goal of promoting healthier nails and skin. Users can expect a product that targets stubborn fungal infections and enhances the overall health and appearance of nails. This holistic approach is pivotal for individuals looking for a long-term rather than a temporary fix.
Kerafen's active ingredients work synergistically to penetrate fungal biofilms and support skin health and healing. This dual action is essential for anyone looking to reclaim their confidence in showing off their feet without worrying about unsightly fungal infections. Kerafen is suitable for individuals who prioritize natural solutions and seek a holistic boost to their health and well-being.
Does Kerafen Work?
Yes, Kerafen is designed to work effectively by attacking the root causes of toenail fungus. The key to its success lies in understanding the fungal defense mechanisms, particularly the biofilm that fungi form. Most antifungal treatments fail to penetrate this protective barrier, allowing the fungus to survive and thrive. Kerafen's formulation, however, includes a blend of ingredients specifically chosen for their ability to disrupt these biofilms and combat the fungus effectively.
The proprietary combination of 15 natural ingredients in Kerafen has been shown to have synergistic effects, enhancing its overall potency. Ingredients such as undecylenic acid and tea tree oil work together to ensure that the treatment can penetrate the nail bed and target the infection at its source. Users report noticeable improvements in nail health within weeks of use, making it a compelling option for anyone who has struggled with recurring fungal infections.
Moreover, Kerafen is backed by customer testimonials, highlighting its efficacy in reversing the damaging effects of toenail fungus. Real users have shared their success stories, emphasizing the noticeable change in their nail health and appearance after incorporating Kerafen into their daily regimen. The products’ commitment to transparency and science gives users confidence that they choose a reliable treatment backed by research and user experience.
What are the ingredients in Kerafen?
Undecylenic Acid USP
Undecylenic acid is a cornerstone ingredient in Kerafen, recognized for its potent antifungal properties. It is an organic compound derived from castor oil and has been used in various antifungals for decades. This fatty acid disrupts the cell membranes of fungi, effectively halting their growth and allowing the body’s immune system to combat the infection more vigorously.
In addition to its antifungal action, undecylenic acid also possesses soothing properties, making it a dual-action agent in combatting the fungus and the irritation associated with fungal infections. This ingredient has been particularly effective against common issues like athlete's foot and fungal nail infections, demonstrating its reliability in addressing stubborn infections and promoting healthier skin and nails.
Tea Tree Oil
Kerafen includes essential tea tree oil, renowned for its natural antifungal and antiseptic properties. It works by cleansing the affected nail area and disrupting the membranes of fungal cells, effectively eliminating unwanted fungi. This integral ingredient is derived from the leaves of the Melaleuca alternifolia tree, native to Australia, and has been used for its healing properties for centuries.
Tea tree oil’s antifungal capabilities make it a key component of Kerafen, as it aids in breaking down the protective layers that fungi form around themselves. Its natural cleansing properties also promote a healthier environment for nails to grow. Furthermore, the pleasant scent and calming effects of tea tree oil provide users an added layer of comfort, contributing to an overall positive experience with the product.
Aloe Vera Leaf
Aloe vera leaf is another significant ingredient in Kerafen, known for its soothing and hydrating properties. Long recognized as a natural remedy for various skin issues, aloe vera helps to calm irritation and promotes healing in damaged skin. Its moisturizing effects are particularly beneficial for the skin surrounding the nails, ensuring that the area remains healthy and resilient.
In addition to its skin-soothing qualities, aloe vera can also modulate the immune response, supporting the body’s natural defense mechanisms against fungal infections. This dual role makes it an ideal ingredient for tackling toenail fungus, ensuring that both the symptoms and underlying causes are addressed effectively. By including aloe vera in its formulation, Kerafen ensures a comprehensive approach to nail health, helping users achieve clearer and healthier nails.
Vitamin E Oil
Vitamin E, in the form of tocopherol, is a powerful antioxidant in Kerafen for its beneficial effects on skin and nail health. It plays a crucial role in enhancing the repair of damaged nails and skin while providing necessary protection against oxidative stress. The antioxidant properties of vitamin E help to mitigate the effects of free radicals, which can contribute to premature aging and degradation of skin and nail quality.
Furthermore, vitamin E oil is known for strengthening the immune defense, helping the body combat infections more effectively. Its presence in Kerafen supports nail repair and enhances overall skin health by keeping it moisturized and protected. Regularly using vitamin E-infused products can lead to stronger, healthier nails and a more vibrant appearance.
Sweet Almond Oil
Sweet almond oil, extracted from almond nuts, has a long history in beauty and health, particularly for its nourishing properties. In Kerafen, sweet almond oil is included to moisturize the nail bed and the surrounding skin, providing essential hydration that can prevent dryness and cracking.
The oil also enhances the absorption of other key ingredients in the formula, ensuring they penetrate effectively to the affected areas. Some studies suggest that sweet almond oil can exhibit antifungal effects, making it a valuable addition to the Kerafen formulation. Its combination of moisturizing and potential antifungal properties offers a comprehensive approach to treating and preventing toenail fungus.
Organic Flaxseed Oil
Flaxseed oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which make it beneficial for skin and nail health. In Kerafen, organic flaxseed oil acts as a carrier oil, enhancing the absorption of the product's active ingredients and providing protective benefits.
Flaxseed oil's anti-inflammatory properties help soothe irritation and promote overall nail health. This oil plays a vital role in the product's effectiveness by fostering a healthy environment for nail growth and supporting skin integrity. Its rich fatty acid content ensures that nails remain well-nourished and protected against fungal infections, contributing to clearer and healthier nails.
Camphor Oil
Camphor oil is known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular ingredient in many topical treatments. In Kerafen, camphor oil assists in relieving discomfort associated with toenail fungus while working to eradicate the fungus itself.
This oil also aids in biofilm degradation, targeting the protective layer that fungi utilize to shield themselves from treatment. By disrupting this barrier, camphor oil enhances the product's overall effectiveness. Its cooling sensation provides instant relief, making it a welcome addition for users seeking comfort while treating their fungal infections.
Menthol
Menthol is included in Kerafen for its cooling and soothing effects. It helps to alleviate inflammation and irritation caused by fungal infections, providing immediate comfort to users. Additionally, menthol alters the fungal microclimate, creating an environment that is less conducive to fungal growth.
This ingredient is particularly beneficial for those experiencing discomfort or itching associated with toenail fungus. By incorporating menthol into its formulation, Kerafen ensures that users experience relief from symptoms while effectively targeting the underlying fungal issue.
Walnut Oil
Walnut oil is rich in natural fatty molecules and micronutrients, essential for promoting healthy skin and nails. In Kerafen, walnut oil plays a role in combating fungal infections while also enhancing overall product efficacy. Its protective effects help to nourish and hydrate the skin and nails, ensuring they remain resilient and healthy.
This oil has a long history of use in natural remedies, and its inclusion in Kerafen underscores the product's commitment to using traditional herbal ingredients with proven benefits. Walnut oil's ability to support skin health while combating fungal infections makes it a powerful addition to this unique formulation.
Clove Bud Oil
Clove bud oil is best known for its strong antifungal properties and is included in Kerafen to help combat nail fungus effectively. This essential oil is rich in antioxidants and has been shown to disrupt fungal and bacterial growth, making it an ideal ingredient for addressing stubborn infections.
Additionally, clove bud oil has analgesic properties, helping to ease the pain and discomfort associated with toenail fungus. By promoting rapid fungal cell death, clove bud oil contributes to the overall effectiveness of Kerafen, ensuring that users can experience relief and regain healthy nails quickly.
Jojoba Oil
Jojoba oil is a versatile oil known for its moisturizing properties. In Kerafen, it helps improve skin health while locking in moisture, creating a protective barrier against future fungal infections. This oil also works to degrade fungal biofilms, making it easier for other active ingredients to penetrate and work effectively.
The inclusion of jojoba oil in Kerafen enhances the product's overall moisturizing effect and contributes to its antifungal capabilities. This dual action ensures that users can rely on Kerafen for both immediate relief and long-term nail health.
Chia Oil
Chia oil, extracted from the seeds of the chia plant, is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are beneficial for skin health. In Kerafen, chia oil offers hydration and creates a protective layer against environmental factors that can lead to fungal infections.
Chia oil's ability to break down biofilm structures is particularly noteworthy, as it enhances the product's efficacy against stubborn toenail fungus. Its combination of moisturizing and protective properties makes it a valuable ingredient in the pursuit of healthier nails.
Lemongrass Oil
Lemongrass oil is known for its purifying and refreshing properties. In Kerafen, it helps to cleanse the nail area and supports membrane disruption—key actions in combating toenail fungus. Its pleasant scent also contributes to a more enjoyable application experience.
The natural antimicrobial properties of lemongrass make it effective against various pathogens, further enhancing the overall effectiveness of Kerafen in treating fungal infections. This ingredient helps to create a cleaner, healthier environment for nails to thrive.
Lavender Oil
Lavender oil is celebrated for its calming properties, making it a great addition to Kerafen. It helps soothe irritation caused by fungal infections and accelerates the healing process. The pleasant aroma of lavender oil adds a layer of comfort during application.
Additionally, lavender has antifungal properties that contribute to Kerafen's overall efficacy. By promoting a healing environment, this ingredient supports users in achieving clearer, healthier nails while enjoying the soothing effects of lavender.
Manuka Oil
Manuka oil, derived from the manuka tree native to New Zealand, is known for its potent antifungal and antimicrobial properties. In Kerafen, manuka oil helps to prevent fungal resilience, a common issue with many traditional antifungal treatments that often leads to medication resistance.
This powerful ingredient supports skin repair and contributes to the overall health of nails and surrounding skin. By incorporating manuka oil, Kerafen enhances its formulation, ensuring that users can effectively combat even the toughest fungal infections.
Kerafen Benefits
Enjoy Long-term Relief from Toenail Fungus
One of Kerafen's standout benefits is its ability to provide long-term relief from toenail fungus. Many traditional treatments offer only temporary solutions, often failing to address the root causes of fungal infections. Kerafen, however, was developed to combat the protective biofilm that fungi produce, which allows them to resist treatment and thrive.
By effectively targeting this biofilm and employing a unique blend of antifungal ingredients, Kerafen ensures that users can enjoy healthier nails for the long haul. Maintaining nail health is crucial for overall wellness, and Kerafen's formulation supports this by promoting a balanced environment for nail growth.
User testimonials highlight the enduring results experienced after using Kerafen, with many reporting significant improvements within weeks. This long-term effectiveness is particularly appealing for individuals who have struggled with recurrent fungal infections in the past. By choosing Kerafen, users can feel confident in their journey to reclaim healthy nails and enjoy the confidence that comes with it.
Apply Directly to Skin and Nails
Kerafen is designed for easy application, allowing users to apply the solution directly to the affected areas on their skin and nails. This targeted approach ensures that the active ingredients are delivered precisely where they are needed most, maximizing efficacy.
The convenient application method allows for quick absorption into the skin, enabling the potent natural ingredients to begin working immediately. Whether at home, at work, or on the go, users can seamlessly incorporate Kerafen into their daily routine without any hassle.
Furthermore, this direct application facilitates quick relief and promotes a nourishing effect on the surrounding skin and nails, ensuring that users experience comprehensive care. By simplifying the treatment process, Kerafen empowers individuals to confidently and easily control their nail health.
A Blend of 15 Science-backed, Natural Ingredients
Kerafen sets itself apart by boasting a formulation of 15 carefully selected natural ingredients, each chosen for its proven science-backed benefits. This thoughtful blend enhances the product's overall effectiveness, enabling it to target toenail fungus from multiple angles.
Many contemporary consumers are seeking effective and natural solutions to their health concerns, and Kerafen delivers on this demand. By harnessing the power of nature alongside scientific insights, Kerafen offers a product that aligns with the values of health-conscious individuals.
The unique combination of ingredients works synergistically to combat fungal infections and nourishes and promotes healthy skin and nails. This comprehensive approach is essential for anyone who has experienced the frustrations of toenail fungus, as it provides a holistic solution that supports overall well-being.
Target the Root Cause of Stubborn Toenail Fungus: Protective Biofilm
Unlike many antifungal treatments, Kerafen is specifically designed to target the root cause of stubborn toenail fungus: the protective biofilm that fungi form around themselves. This biofilm acts as a barrier that makes it challenging for standard treatments to penetrate and effectively eliminate the infection.
Kerafen’s unique formulation includes ingredients specifically chosen for their ability to disrupt and degrade this biofilm, allowing the active antifungal agents to reach the fungus itself. By addressing the underlying problem, Kerafen provides a more effective and long-lasting solution for individuals suffering from toenail fungus.
This targeted approach helps clear existing infections and reduces the likelihood of recurring issues, allowing users to maintain healthier nails over time. By understanding and addressing the complexities of fungal infections, Kerafen positions itself as a revolutionary approach to nail health.
Developed by Genetic Research
The development of Kerafen is rooted in extensive genetic research, providing a solid foundation for its effectiveness. This research-focused approach ensures that the formulation is not just a collection of natural ingredients, but rather a carefully crafted solution designed to address specific fungal challenges.
By leveraging insights from genetic studies, Kerafen has been able to pinpoint the mechanisms by which fungi develop resistance and adapt to treatments. This knowledge has informed the selection and formulation of the product’s active ingredients, ensuring they work synergistically to effectively combat fungal infections.
This focus on scientific backing is crucial for consumers seeking confidence in their treatment choices. By choosing Kerafen, users can trust that they are using a product developed with a deep understanding of both fungal biology and effective treatment strategies.
Backed by a 90-day Money-Back Guarantee
Kerafen is committed to customer satisfaction, offering a 90-day money-back guarantee for those who may not achieve the desired results. This assurance demonstrates the creators' confidence in their product’s effectiveness and allows users to try Kerafen risk-free.
A money-back guarantee is particularly appealing for consumers who may be hesitant to invest in a new product, especially one related to health and wellness. It provides peace of mind knowing that they can receive a refund with minimal hassle if the product does not meet expectations.
This commitment to customer satisfaction reflects Kerafen’s dedication to delivering a quality product and a positive user experience. By prioritizing customer trust and confidence, Kerafen is a leader in toenail fungus treatment solutions.
What is the price of Kerafen?
The pricing for Kerafen varies based on the quantity purchased, making it an accessible option for individuals seeking relief from toenail fungus:
- 1 Bottle: $69 + Shipping
- 3 Bottles: $177 ($59 Per Bottle) + Shipping + 1 Free Bonus
- 6 Bottles: $294 ($49 Per Bottle) + Free Shipping + 2 Free Bonuses
This tiered pricing structure allows customers to choose the option that best suits their needs while encouraging bulk purchases for even greater savings. Additionally, every purchase of three or more bottles comes with free bonuses that enhance the product's overall value.
Free Bonus eBook #1: Ultimate Guide to Nail & Skin Health
This bonus eBook offers crucial advice on maintaining healthy nails and skin. It includes natural remedies, simple changes, and practical tips to improve overall nail and skin health. Users will discover how to create a personalized regimen tailored to their unique needs, effectively enhancing their long-term health and reducing the risks of toenail fungus.
Free Bonus eBook #2: Footwear and Foot Health: The Untold Connection
This informative guide explains the connection between footwear choices and toenail fungus. It provides insights into how materials, fit, and design can impact foot health. With this knowledge, users will be better equipped to choose footwear that promotes good hygiene and minimizes the likelihood of developing infections.
Are there side effects to Kerafen?
Kerafen is formulated with natural ingredients, generally resulting in a low risk of side effects for most users. However, as with any supplement, individual reactions can vary. Some users may experience mild skin sensitivities or allergic reactions to specific ingredients, especially if they have known allergies to essential oils or other herbal extracts.
To ensure the best experience, it's recommended that first-time users perform a patch test before full application, particularly if they have sensitive skin. Users can gauge their body's response before using the product more broadly by applying a small amount of Kerafen to an inconspicuous area and waiting 24 hours.
Consulting with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement, especially for individuals with pre-existing conditions or those currently taking medication, is always a prudent choice. This precaution helps to ensure a safe and effective experience with Kerafen.
Who makes Kerafen?
Kerafen is produced by a dedicated team that emphasizes quality, safety, and effectiveness in its formulations. The creators of Kerafen understand the challenges that toenail fungus presents and have committed themselves to developing solutions that leverage both traditional herbal knowledge and modern scientific research.
By focusing on scientifically-backed ingredients and formulations, Kerafen aims to provide consumers with a reliable and effective method for managing toenail fungus. The company strongly emphasizes transparency and integrity, ensuring that users can trust the products they are using. Kerafen is manufactured in the USA under strict quality control standards, assuring customers of its safety and efficacy.
Does Kerafen Really Work?
Kerafen has garnered positive reviews from users who have experienced significant improvements in their nail health. Many testimonials highlight the product's ability to effectively reduce or eliminate toenail fungus, often within just a few weeks of regular use.
The uniqueness of Kerafen’s formulation—targeting the protective biofilm that fungi create—sets it apart from conventional antifungal treatments that may not effectively address the underlying issues. Users appreciate the combination of natural ingredients that fight fungal infections and nourish and support overall skin and nail health.
With its strong scientific backing and commitment to quality, Kerafen offers a compelling option for individuals seeking relief from toenail fungus. Many users report feeling more confident and comfortable with their nails after using Kerafen, making it a treatment worth considering for those who have struggled with persistent fungal issues.
Is Kerafen A Scam?
Kerafen is not a scam but a well-researched and formulated product designed to combat toenail fungus effectively. The company behind Kerafen prides itself on transparency and ethical practices, ensuring users receive a high-quality product backed by scientific research.
The numerous positive testimonials further support the efficacy of Kerafen, with many customers expressing satisfaction with their results. Additionally, the company's willingness to offer a 90-day money-back guarantee reflects its confidence in the product. This guarantee allows users to try Kerafen risk-free, further demonstrating that it is a legitimate solution for addressing toenail fungus.
Given the complexities surrounding fungal infections and the various solutions available, consumers must do their research and make informed choices. Kerafen stands out as a reputable option within the market, focusing on user health and satisfaction.
Is Kerafen FDA Approved?
Kerafen itself is not FDA-approved, which is common for dietary supplements. The FDA does not typically regulate dietary supplements in the same manner as pharmaceuticals, meaning that products do not require approval before entering the market.
However, the ingredients in Kerafen are sourced from reputable suppliers, and the product is manufactured in facilities that adhere to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). This commitment to quality ensures that customers receive a safe and effective product.
For consumers, it’s essential to understand that while FDA approval can signify a rigorous review process for drugs, dietary supplements like Kerafen can still be effective and safe when formulated with high-quality ingredients and produced under strict guidelines.
Where to buy Kerafen?
Kerafen is exclusively available for purchase through the official website. This direct-to-consumer model ensures that customers receive genuine products and allows the company to maintain strict quality control over storage and handling.
By purchasing directly from the official site, users can take advantage of promotions, discounts, and the available money-back guarantee, enhancing their overall experience. Avoiding third-party platforms like Amazon, eBay, or Walmart protects the integrity of the product, ensuring that customers receive the highest quality formulation.
Is Kerafen Really on Amazon, eBay and Walmart?
Kerafen on Amazon
You won’t find Kerafen on Amazon or through any Amazon partners. This decision ensures the product remains in optimal condition and is stored correctly before reaching consumers. By avoiding third-party platforms, Kerafen guarantees product integrity and safety. The only authorized source for purchase is the official website, and there are no plans to offer Kerafen through Amazon or its affiliates.
Kerafen on eBay
Kerafen is also not available on eBay or any associated eBay stores. This approach helps maintain control over product quality and prevents the sale of contaminated or tampered goods. For the safest experience, purchasing Kerafen directly from the official website is recommended, as the company does not endorse or allow sales on eBay.
Kerafen on Walmart
You will not find Kerafen in Walmart stores or on their website. While Walmart does carry various natural health products, Kerafen requires specific storage and handling to preserve its purity and effectiveness. By selling exclusively through the official website, Kerafen minimizes risks to consumers and ensures they receive the best possible product.
Conclusion for Kerafen
In summary, Kerafen emerges as a promising solution for individuals struggling with toenail fungus. It leverages the combined power of 15 science-backed natural ingredients to combat the problem effectively. Its unique formulation not only addresses the stubborn nature of toenail fungus by disrupting protective biofilms but also nourishes the surrounding skin and nails, promoting overall health.
The ease of application and commitment to quality and customer satisfaction sets Kerafen apart from many conventional treatments. Backed by user testimonials and extensive research, it provides confidence to those seeking relief from persistent fungal infections.
With a commitment to transparency and an impressive money-back guarantee, Kerafen allows users to explore the benefits of its formulation without financial risk. This customer-centric approach further enhances its appeal, making it a favored choice among those who prioritize natural health solutions.
For anyone battling toenail fungus, Kerafen represents a practical, effective, and holistic approach to reclaiming healthier nails and enjoying the confidence that comes with it.
Kerafen FAQs
- What is Kerafen?
Kerafen is a natural dietary supplement designed to combat toenail fungus by targeting the biofilm that protects fungi and employing a blend of 15 science-backed ingredients. - How does Kerafen work?
Kerafen works by disrupting the biofilm around the fungus, allowing active ingredients to penetrate and eliminate fungal cells effectively. - What ingredients are in Kerafen?
Kerafen contains various natural ingredients, including undecylenic acid, tea tree oil, aloe vera, and vitamin E, all chosen for their antifungal and health-promoting properties. - Is Kerafen safe to use?
Yes, Kerafen is made from natural ingredients and is generally considered safe. However, users with sensitive skin are advised to perform a patch test. - How long does it take to see results with Kerafen?
Many users report noticeable improvements within a few weeks of consistent use. Individual results may vary. - Can I purchase Kerafen on Amazon or eBay?
Kerafen is unavailable on Amazon or eBay to ensure product quality and integrity. It can only be purchased through the official website. - Is there a money-back guarantee?
Yes, Kerafen has a 90-day money-back guarantee, allowing users to try it risk-free. - Is Kerafen FDA approved?
Kerafen is not FDA-approved, as is common with dietary supplements. However, it is manufactured in facilities that adhere to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). - What are the benefits of using Kerafen?
Benefits of Kerafen include long-term relief from toenail fungus, nourishment for skin and nails, and a blend of effective natural ingredients tailored for efficacy. - How can I order Kerafen?
Kerafen can be ordered directly from the official website, where customers can access promotions and exclusive offers.